Our reviews

To find out what's been published by Cochrane Incontinence each year, visit What's New.

Our Reviews

Full list:

By subtopic:

Diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) (1)
Accuracy of MRI, ultrasound and vaginal assessment for the diagnosis of levator ani muscle avulsion in women (protocol stage)
Urinary incontinence (including enuresis) (136)
PREVENTION (7)
Antibiotics (prophylaxis) (4)
Antibiotic prophylaxis for short-term catheter bladder drainage in adults
Antibiotics for the prevention of infection after continence surgery in women with stress urinary incontinence (protocol stage)
Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce the risk of urinary tract infections after urodynamic studies
Treatment of urinary incontinence after stroke in adults
Episiotomy methods/policies (0)
Hormones (HRT) (0)
Method of delivery (0)
Physical (3)
Comparisons of approaches to pelvic floor muscle training for urinary incontinence in women
Pelvic floor muscle training for prevention and treatment of urinary and faecal incontinence in antenatal and postnatal women
Treatment of urinary incontinence after stroke in adults
Surgical techniques (0)
TREATMENT (127)
Chemical (20)
Drug (12)
Adrenergic drugs for urinary incontinence in adults
Anticholinergic drugs versus placebo for overactive bladder syndrome in adults
Anticholinergic drugs versus non-drug active therapies for non-neurogenic overactive bladder syndrome in adults
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor agonist for adult with overactive bladder (protocol stage)
Botulinum toxin injections for adults with overactive bladder syndrome
Desmopressin for nocturnal enuresis in children
Drugs for nocturnal enuresis in children (other than desmopressin and tricyclics)
Anticholinergic drugs versus other medications for overactive bladder syndrome in adults
Serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) for stress urinary incontinence in adults
Treatment of urinary incontinence after stroke in adults
Tricyclic and related drugs for nocturnal enuresis in children
Which anticholinergic drug for overactive bladder symptoms in adults
Hormone (1)
Oestrogen therapy for urinary incontinence in post-menopausal women
Homeopathy (2)
Complementary and miscellaneous interventions for nocturnal enuresis in children
Treatment of urinary incontinence after stroke in adults
Diet (3)
Complementary and miscellaneous interventions for nocturnal enuresis in children
Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults
Treatment of urinary incontinence after stroke in adults
Antibiotics (treatment) (2)
Antibiotic prophylaxis for short-term catheter bladder drainage in adults
Treatment of urinary incontinence after stroke in adults
Complementary (1)
Yoga for treatment of urinary incontinence in women (protocol stage)
Education (8)
of other lay carers (3)
Physiotherapy interventions for functional bladder and bowel dysfunctions in neurologically normal and otherwise healthy children (protocol stage)
Complex behavioural and educational interventions for nocturnal enuresis in children
Conservative treatment for functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (protocol stage)
of patients (5)
Physiotherapy interventions for functional bladder and bowel dysfunctions in neurologically normal and otherwise healthy children (protocol stage)
Complex behavioural and educational interventions for nocturnal enuresis in children
Conservative treatment for functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (protocol stage)
Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults
Treatment of urinary incontinence after stroke in adults
Investigations (2)
Urodynamics (2)
Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce the risk of urinary tract infections after urodynamic studies
Urodynamic studies for management of urinary incontinence in children and adults
Diaries (0)
Pad tests (0)
Assessment teams (0)
X-rays (0)
Ambulatory monitoring (0)
Ultrasound (0)
Lifestyle (3)
Conservative treatment for functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (protocol stage)
Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults
Yoga for treatment of urinary incontinence in women (protocol stage)
Mechanical (16)
Devices (3)
Vaginal pessaries (2)
Mechanical devices for urinary incontinence in women
Pessaries (mechanical devices) for pelvic organ prolapse in women
Urethral plugs (1)
Mechanical devices for urinary incontinence in women
Pads (2)
Absorbent products for light urinary incontinence in women
Treatment of urinary incontinence after stroke in adults
Bags (0)
Catheters (11)
Antibiotic prophylaxis for short-term catheter bladder drainage in adults
Catheter policies for management of long term voiding problems in adults with neurogenic bladder disorders
Washout policies in long-term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults
Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce the risk of urinary tract infections after urodynamic studies
Short term urinary catheter policies following urogenital surgery in adults
Strategies for the removal of short-term indwelling urethral catheters in adults
Treatment of urinary incontinence after stroke in adults
Types of indwelling urinary catheters for long-term bladder drainage in adults
Types of indwelling urethral catheters for short-term catheterisation in hospitalised adults
Urinary catheter policies for long-term bladder drainage
Urethral (indwelling or intermittent) or suprapubic routes for short-term catheterisation in hospitalised adults
Artificial sphincters (0)
Sheaths (0)
Bedsheets (0)
Physical (30)
Pelvic floor muscle training (12)
Physiotherapy interventions for functional bladder and bowel dysfunctions in neurologically normal and otherwise healthy children (protocol stage)
Comparisons of approaches to pelvic floor muscle training for urinary incontinence in women
Conservative interventions for urinary incontinence in women: an Overview of Cochrane systematic reviews (protocol stage)
Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence
Conservative prevention and management of pelvic organ prolapse in women
Conservative treatment for functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (protocol stage)
Feedback or biofeedback to augment pelvic floor muscle training for urinary incontinence in women
Pelvic floor muscle training for prevention and treatment of urinary and faecal incontinence in antenatal and postnatal women
Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for urinary incontinence in women
Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women
Pelvic floor muscle training versus other active treatments for urinary incontinence in women (protocol stage)
Treatment of urinary incontinence after stroke in adults
Pelvic floor muscle relaxation (1)
Physiotherapy interventions for functional bladder and bowel dysfunctions in neurologically normal and otherwise healthy children (protocol stage)
Cones (1)
Weighted vaginal cones for urinary incontinence
Biofeedback (4)
Physiotherapy interventions for functional bladder and bowel dysfunctions in neurologically normal and otherwise healthy children (protocol stage)
Conservative interventions for urinary incontinence in women: an Overview of Cochrane systematic reviews (protocol stage)
Conservative treatment for functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (protocol stage)
Feedback or biofeedback to augment pelvic floor muscle training for urinary incontinence in women
Electrical stimulation (8)
Physiotherapy interventions for functional bladder and bowel dysfunctions in neurologically normal and otherwise healthy children (protocol stage)
Complementary and miscellaneous interventions for nocturnal enuresis in children
Conservative interventions for urinary incontinence in women: an Overview of Cochrane systematic reviews (protocol stage)
Conservative treatment for functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (protocol stage)
Sacral neuromodulation with implanted devices for urinary storage and voiding dysfunction in adults
Electrical stimulation with non-implanted electrodes for urinary incontinence in men
Electrical stimulation with non-implanted devices for stress urinary incontinence in women
Treatment of urinary incontinence after stroke in adults
Acupuncture (3)
Acupuncture for stress urinary incontinence in adults
Complementary and miscellaneous interventions for nocturnal enuresis in children
Treatment of urinary incontinence after stroke in adults
Chiropractic (1)
Complementary and miscellaneous interventions for nocturnal enuresis in children
Psychological (20)
Behaviour training (9)
Physiotherapy interventions for functional bladder and bowel dysfunctions in neurologically normal and otherwise healthy children (protocol stage)
Combined conservative interventions for urge, stress or mixed incontinence in adults (protocol stage)
Complex behavioural and educational interventions for nocturnal enuresis in children
Conservative treatment for functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (protocol stage)
Habit retraining for the management of urinary incontinence in adults
Prompted voiding for the management of urinary incontinence in adults
Simple behavioural interventions for nocturnal enuresis in children
Timed voiding for the management of urinary incontinence in adults
Treatment of urinary incontinence after stroke in adults
Bladder drill / training (3)
Bladder training for urinary incontinence in adults
Conservative treatment for functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (protocol stage)
Treatment of urinary incontinence after stroke in adults
Hypnosis (1)
Complementary and miscellaneous interventions for nocturnal enuresis in children
Psychotherapy (3)
Behavioural and cognitive interventions with or without other treatments for the management of faecal incontinence in children
Complementary and miscellaneous interventions for nocturnal enuresis in children
Conservative treatment for functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (protocol stage)
Alarms (2)
Alarm interventions for nocturnal enuresis in children
Conservative treatment for functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (protocol stage)
Motivation (2)
Complementary and miscellaneous interventions for nocturnal enuresis in children
Conservative treatment for functional daytime urinary incontinence in children (protocol stage)
Surgery (27)
Abdominal (3)
Mid-urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women
Bladder neck needle suspension for urinary incontinence in women
Open retropubic colposuspension for urinary incontinence in women
Artificial sphincter (1)
Surgery for stress urinary incontinence due to presumed sphincter deficiency after prostate surgery
Faecal diversion (0)
Perineal/ vaginal/ rectal (7)
Anterior vaginal repair for urinary incontinence in women
Transurethral radiofrequency collagen denaturation for the treatment of women with urinary incontinence
Mid-urethral sling operations for stress urinary incontinence in women
Bladder neck needle suspension for urinary incontinence in women
Single-incision sling operations for urinary incontinence in women
Surgery for stress urinary incontinence due to presumed sphincter deficiency after prostate surgery
Traditional suburethral sling operations for urinary incontinence in women
Laparoscopic (1)
Laparoscopic colposuspension for urinary incontinence in women
Injections (2)
Urethral injection therapy for urinary incontinence in women
Surgery for stress urinary incontinence due to presumed sphincter deficiency after prostate surgery
Stem cell therapy (1)
Surgery for stress urinary incontinence due to presumed sphincter deficiency after prostate surgery
Urinary diversion (1)
Urinary diversion and bladder reconstruction/replacement using intestinal segments for intractable incontinence or following cystectomy
Post-surgical management (3)
Antibiotics for the prevention of infection after continence surgery in women with stress urinary incontinence (protocol stage)
Short term urinary catheter policies following urogenital surgery in adults
Treatment of recurrent stress urinary incontinence after failed minimally invasive synthetic suburethral tape surgery in women
surgery for prolapse (6)
Perioperative interventions in pelvic organ prolapse surgery
Surgery for women with pelvic organ prolapse with or without stress urinary incontinence
Surgery for women with anterior compartment prolapse
Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse
Surgery for women with posterior compartment prolapse
Transvaginal mesh or grafts compared with native tissue repair for vaginal prolapse
sacral nerve stimulation (1)
Sacral neuromodulation with implanted devices for urinary storage and voiding dysfunction in adults
Surgery for bladder outlet obstruction (1)
Surgical management of functional bladder outlet obstruction in adults with neurogenic bladder dysfunction
REHABILITATION (2)
Nursing home care (1)
Toileting assistance programmes for the management of urinary incontinence in adults (protocol stage)
Skin care (1)
Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence-associated dermatitis in adults
Faecal incontinence and rectal prolapse (36)
PREVENTION (1)
Physical (1)
Pelvic floor muscle training for prevention and treatment of urinary and faecal incontinence in antenatal and postnatal women
TREATMENT (35)
Chemical (5)
Diet (1)
Management of faecal incontinence and constipation in adults with central neurological diseases
Drug (3)
Drug treatment for faecal incontinence in adults
Interventions for treating or managing faecal incontinence in older people living in care homes (protocol stage)
Management of faecal incontinence and constipation in adults with central neurological diseases
Homeopathy (1)
Management of faecal incontinence and constipation in adults with central neurological diseases
Hormone (0)
Education (5)
of other lay carers (2)
Physiotherapy interventions for functional bladder and bowel dysfunctions in neurologically normal and otherwise healthy children (protocol stage)
Behavioural and cognitive interventions with or without other treatments for the management of faecal incontinence in children
of patients (3)
Physiotherapy interventions for functional bladder and bowel dysfunctions in neurologically normal and otherwise healthy children (protocol stage)
Behavioural and cognitive interventions with or without other treatments for the management of faecal incontinence in children
Interventions for treating or managing faecal incontinence in older people living in care homes (protocol stage)
of staff (eg CME, guidelines) (0)
Investigations (0)
Mechanical (2)
Anal tampon/plug (1)
Plugs for containing faecal incontinence
Artificial sphincters (0)
Bedsheets (0)
Pads (1)
Interventions for treating or managing faecal incontinence in older people living in care homes (protocol stage)
Physical (12)
Acupuncture (1)
Management of faecal incontinence and constipation in adults with central neurological diseases
Biofeedback (2)
Physiotherapy interventions for functional bladder and bowel dysfunctions in neurologically normal and otherwise healthy children (protocol stage)
Biofeedback and/or sphincter exercises for the treatment of faecal incontinence in adults
Chiropractic (0)
Cones (0)
Electrical stimulation (4)
Physiotherapy interventions for functional bladder and bowel dysfunctions in neurologically normal and otherwise healthy children (protocol stage)
Electrical stimulation for faecal incontinence in adults
Management of faecal incontinence and constipation in adults with central neurological diseases
Sacral nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence and constipation in adults
Pelvic floor muscle relaxation (1)
Physiotherapy interventions for functional bladder and bowel dysfunctions in neurologically normal and otherwise healthy children (protocol stage)
Pelvic floor muscle training (4)
Physiotherapy interventions for functional bladder and bowel dysfunctions in neurologically normal and otherwise healthy children (protocol stage)
Biofeedback and/or sphincter exercises for the treatment of faecal incontinence in adults
Pelvic floor muscle training for prevention and treatment of urinary and faecal incontinence in antenatal and postnatal women
Interventions for treating or managing faecal incontinence in older people living in care homes (protocol stage)
Psychological (5)
Behavioural interventions (2)
Physiotherapy interventions for functional bladder and bowel dysfunctions in neurologically normal and otherwise healthy children (protocol stage)
Behavioural and cognitive interventions with or without other treatments for the management of faecal incontinence in children
Cognitive interventions (2)
Physiotherapy interventions for functional bladder and bowel dysfunctions in neurologically normal and otherwise healthy children (protocol stage)
Behavioural and cognitive interventions with or without other treatments for the management of faecal incontinence in children
Psychotherapy (1)
Behavioural and cognitive interventions with or without other treatments for the management of faecal incontinence in children
Surgery (6)
Perianal injectable bulking agents as treatment for faecal incontinence in adults
Interventions for treating or managing faecal incontinence in older people living in care homes (protocol stage)
Management of faecal incontinence and constipation in adults with central neurological diseases
Sacral nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence and constipation in adults
Surgery for complete (full-thickness) rectal prolapse in adults
Surgery for faecal incontinence in adults
REHABILITATION (0)
Interstitial cystitis (painful bladder syndrome) (2)
TREATMENT (2)
Chemical (1)
Drug (1)
Intravesical treatments for painful bladder syndrome/ interstitial cystitis
Homeopathy (0)
Hormone (0)
Education (0)
Investigations (0)
Mechanical (0)
Physical (1)
Electrical stimulation with non-implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults
Psychological (0)
Surgery (0)
REHABILITATION (0)
Pelvic organ prolapse (9)
TREATMENT (9)
Chemical (1)
Hormone (1)
Oestrogens for treatment or prevention of pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women
Education (0)
Investigations (0)
Mechanical (1)
Devices (1)
Vaginal pessaries (1)
Pessaries (mechanical devices) for pelvic organ prolapse in women
Physical (1)
Pelvic floor muscle training (1)
Conservative prevention and management of pelvic organ prolapse in women
Psychological (0)
Surgery (6)
Perioperative interventions in pelvic organ prolapse surgery
Surgery for women with pelvic organ prolapse with or without stress urinary incontinence
Surgery for women with anterior compartment prolapse
Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse
Surgery for women with posterior compartment prolapse
Transvaginal mesh or grafts compared with native tissue repair for vaginal prolapse
REHABILITATION (0)
Other voiding dysfunction (apart from incontinence) (27)
PREVENTION (1)
Drugs for the prevention of postoperative urinary retention in adults (protocol stage)
TREATMENT (24)
Chemical (3)
Drug (3)
The role of alpha blockers prior to removal of urethral catheter for acute urinary retention in men
Drug treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms in women with voiding dysfunction (protocol stage)
Drugs for treatment of urinary retention after surgery in adults
Homeopathy (0)
Hormone (0)
Education (0)
Investigations (1)
Invasive urodynamic studies for the management of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men with voiding dysfunction
Mechanical (10)
Catheters (10)
Antibiotic prophylaxis for short-term catheter bladder drainage in adults
Catheter policies for management of long term voiding problems in adults with neurogenic bladder disorders
Washout policies in long-term indwelling urinary catheterisation in adults
Non-drug treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms in women with voiding dysfunction (protocol stage)
Short term urinary catheter policies following urogenital surgery in adults
Strategies for the removal of short-term indwelling urethral catheters in adults
Types of indwelling urinary catheters for long-term bladder drainage in adults
Types of indwelling urethral catheters for short-term catheterisation in hospitalised adults
Urinary catheter policies for long-term bladder drainage
Urethral (indwelling or intermittent) or suprapubic routes for short-term catheterisation in hospitalised adults
Physical (2)
Electrical stimulation (2)
Sacral neuromodulation with implanted devices for urinary storage and voiding dysfunction in adults
Electrical stimulation with non-implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults
Pelvic floor muscle training (0)
Psychological (1)
Behavioural interventions (1)
Non-drug treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms in women with voiding dysfunction (protocol stage)
Surgery (7)
Intermittent self-dilatation for urethral stricture disease in males
Simple urethral dilatation, endoscopic urethrotomy, and urethroplasty for urethral stricture disease in adult men
Sacral neuromodulation with implanted devices for urinary storage and voiding dysfunction in adults
Non-drug conservative treatments for acute urinary retention after surgery in adults (protocol stage)
Non-drug treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms in women with voiding dysfunction (protocol stage)
Short term urinary catheter policies following urogenital surgery in adults
Surgical management of functional bladder outlet obstruction in adults with neurogenic bladder dysfunction
REHABILITATION (2)
Alternative types of nursing care (1)
Policies for replacing long-term indwelling urinary catheters in adults
Nursing home care (1)
Policies for replacing long-term indwelling urinary catheters in adults